5W + 1H, Yes/No Question and Tag Questions

5W + 1H, Yes/No Question and Tag Questions
A.   Information
One of the most universally used tools for information gathering, analysis, organization and presentation is the 5W1H framework. This method is used across a range of professions, from process analysts to quality engineers to journalists, to understand and explain virtually any problem or issue. The same method can be used to organize the writing of reports, articles, white papers, and even whole books
B. The Basic Approach
This approach seeks to answer six basic questions in gathering information about nearly any subject: Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. Sometimes, depending on the context, a second “H” might be used: How Much. In journalism, news story writing requires that the questions to be answered take a basic form
1.Who is it about?
2. What is it about?
3. When did it happen?
4. Where did it happen?
5. Why did it happen?
6. How did it happen?
Applying the 5W1H framework to other types of writing or investigation takes some interpretation. The order in which the answers to the questions is presented may vary, but the “what” is usually addressed first

- What
In journalism, the “what” identifies an event and is often stated in the “lead (or lede),” the first paragraph of a news story. The “what” is the primary subject, the reason the information is being gathered and presented. Apart from journalism, it may be stated in a title and in a purpose statement. The “what” may need to be defined, a process that may comprise the remainder of a document. Example :    What, specifically,…?
- Who
A news story identifies who an event involves. The “who” may be part of the lede, and could be the reason the story is news worthy. In other contexts, the “who” identifies the persons or groups the “what” concerns. It might describe the audience of a document, or those who are affected by a policy, process or procedure. Example :    Who benefits?
-When
A key part of a news story is describing when an event happened. Answering the “when” indicates any time sensitivity related to the “what.” It may be part of an instruction regarding the proper point at which a action should be taken. Sometimes it may be part of an “If…then” scenario of conditional action. Example :    When will it start/end?
- Where
A news story reports the location at which an event took place. The “where” describes a “where” describes a geographical or physical location of importance to the “what.” At times, the where may be less important than other factors. Example :    Where are you?
- Why
The “why” is usually the most neglected of the questions in the framework. News stories often lack information from authoritative sources to explain the “why.” In other contexts, the “why” may be considered irrelevant, particularly when describing a policy or procedure decreed by an organizational authority. Efforts to ascertain and explain the “why” may help those affected be more accepting of any change the “what” requires. Example :    Why does that happen?be considered irrelevant, particularly when describing a policy or procedure decreed by an

-How
For journalists, determining how an event took place may be nearly as challenging as explaining the “why,” although more effort is usually put to satisfying the question. When describing policies, processes or procedures, the how may be the most important part of the effort. A considerable appetite for understanding how to do something can be found across audiences. Sometimes effort focuses on the “what” when more work should be devoted to explaining the “how.” Example :    How much?
Conclusion:
The 5W1H framework can be applied to any topic at any level of granularity to gather, analyze and present information from the simplest to the most complex. Attributed to a Rudyard Kipling poem, 5W1H is the place to start and may be enough to take you to the finish.
2. Yes/No Question
Definition:    An interrogative construction that expects an answer of “yes” or “no.” Contrast  with wh- question
Moe    : Yes, Homer. All us angels wear Farrah slacks.
(The Simpsons)
“Directing a movie is a very overrated job, we all know it. You just have to say ‘yes’ or ‘no.’ What else do you do? Nothing. ‘Maestro, should this be red?’ Yes. ‘Green?’ No. ‘More extras?’ Yes. ‘More lipstick?’ No. Yes. No. Yes. No. That’s directing.” (Judi Dench as Liliane La Fleur in Nine, 2009).
Principal McGee: Are you just going to stand there all day?
Sonny: No ma’am. I mean, yes ma’am. I mean, no ma’am.
Principal McGee: Well, which is it?
Sonny: Um, no ma’am
(Eve Arden and Michael Tucci in Grease, 1978)
The yes-no question is found in three varieties: the inverted question, the typical exemplar of this kind; the inverted question offering an alternative (which may require more than a simple yes or no for an answer); and the tag question:
Are you going? (inversion)
Are you staying or going? (inversion with alternative)
You’re going, aren’t you? (tag)
3. Tag Questions
in a tag question, the speaker makes a statement, but is not completely certain of the truth, so he or she uses a tag question to verify the previous statement. Sentences using tag questions should have the main clause separated from the tag by a comma. The sentence will always end a question mark.Example:
1. There are only twenty-eight days in February, aren’t there?
2. It’s raining now, isn’t it?
3. The boys don’t have class tomorrow, do they?
4. You and i talked with the professor yesterday, didn’t we?
5. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, haven’t they?

Reference: google

Subject, Verb, Complement, Modifier and Make 5 sentences and determine its pronoun

Subject, Verb, Complement, Modifier and Make 5 sentences and determine its pronoun

Assigment 1

- Subject, Verb, Complement, Modifier (Definition)

- Make 5 sentences and determine its pronoun

Definition Of Subject

The subject of a sentence or clause is the part of the sentence or clause about which something is being said. It is usually the doer of the action. It is a noun or a pronoun. All of the subjects on this page are italicized.

The location of the subject in English is normally located before the verb (verb). In the words of the command (imperative / command), you are considered as the subject says. Subject may be in the form of the word.

Example :

§  We girls are not going to that movie.

§  George likes boats.

§  Mary, John, George, and I went to a restaurant last night.

§  The weather was very bad yesterday.

§  The chemistry professor canceled class today.

§  The bank closed at two o’clock.

Definition Of Verb

a word that characteristically is the grammatical center of a predicate and expresses an act, occurrence, or mode of being, that in various languages is inflected for agreement with the subject, for tense, for voice, for mood, or for aspect, and that typically has rather full descriptive meaning and characterizing quality but is sometimes nearly devoid of these especially when used as an auxiliary or linking verb.

Example :

1. We gathered the party at 7 pm with Stefi yesterday.

2. The building has been ruined by the plane.

3. The Postman delivered those letters to Me 2 days ago.

4. He had killed my uncle when I was 21 years old.

5. I don’t know that you came to my house last night

Definition Of Complement

a word or group of words that completes the meaning of the subject, verb, or object. Thus, there are three kinds of complement, namely: subject, verb, and object complement.

Example 

1. We need lime to reduce soil acidity. 

2.  Plants absorb water and nutrients from soil 

-         3. She saw John at the movie last night.

-         4. My father drives an old car. 

-         5. He wants to drink some water. 

Definition Of Modifier

a word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb that describes another word or group of words. Propositional modifier is a phrase or sentence that can be said to be started by the next word and terminated by a noun

Example :

1.My Mother / is cooking / dinner / tonight

subject / verb phrase/ complement / modifier of time

2.Dhitya/ has visited / his Girlfriend

subject / verb phrase / complement

3. They/ eat / lunch /in this restaurant/ today

subject/ verb phrase / complement/ modifier of place/ modifier of time

4. Don/ should have bought/ gasoline /yesterday

subject/ verb phrase/ complement/ modifier of time

5. It/ was cloudly /at seven o’clock this morning

subject/ verb phrase / modifier of time

- Mention & define the kinds of pronoun

- Give the example of each kind pronoun

Definition Of Pronoun

Pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun, e.g. he, she, it, they, his, her, him its etc.

Example :

John is an intelligent student. He goes to school daily. He studies a lot. He is making preparation for examination. He will get high marks examination.

In the above paragraph pronoun “he” is used instead of noun “John”. If we do not use pronoun in above paragraph we will have to use the noun “John” again and again in each sentence. So, the purpose of pronoun is to avoid the repetition of a noun.

Examples. He, she, it, they, you, I, we, who, him, her, them, me, us, whom, his, its, their, your, mine, our and whose, myself, himself, herself , yourself,  which, this, that these, those,  are the pronouns which are mostly used.

Types Of Pronoun

*Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun describes a particular person or thing or group.Personal pronoun describes the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to (you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them).

Example :

He helps poor.

The pronoun “he” in above sentence describes a person who helps poor.

*Possessive Pronoun

Possessive Pronoun indicates close possession or ownership or relationship of a thing/person to another thing/person.

e.g. yours, mine, his,  hers, ours, theirs, hers,

Example :

This book is mine.

The pronoun “mine” describes the relationship between book and a person (me) who possesses this book or who is the owner of this book.

*Reflexive pronoun

Reflexive pronoun describes noun when subject’s action affects the subject itself.

e.g himself, yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, itself  are reflexive pronouns. Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require an interaction between the subject and an object.

Example :

1.      I looked at myself in the mirror.

2.      You should think about yourself.

3.      They prepared themselves for completion.

* Reciprocal Pronouns

Reciprocal Pronouns are used when each of two or more subjects reciprocate to the other.

or

Reciprocal pronouns are used when two subjects act in same way towards each other, or, more subjects act in same way to one another.

For example,  A loves B and B love A. we can say that A and B loves each other.

There are two reciprocal pronouns

Each other

One another.

Examples.

1.      John and Marry are talking to each other.

2.      The students gave cards to one another.

3.      The people helped one another in hospital.

* Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun describes a noun which is mentioned before and more information is to be given about it.

Or

Relative pronoun is a pronoun which joins relative clauses and relative sentences.

For example, It is the person, who helped her.

In this sentence the word “who” is a relative pronoun which refers to the noun (the person) which is already mentioned in beginning of sentence (It is the person) and more information (he helped her) is given after using a relative pronoun (who) for the noun (the person).

Similarly, in above sentence the pronoun “who” joins two clauses which are “it is the person” and “who helped her”. 

Example :

1.      It is the girl who got first position in class.

2.      Adjective is a word that modifies noun.

3.      The man whom I met yesterday is a nice person.

*Demonstrative pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points to a thing or things.

e.g. this, that, these, those, none, neither

These pronouns point to thing or things in short distance/time or long distance/time.

Short distance or time: This, these.

Long distance or time: That, those.

Demonstrative pronouns “this and that” are used for singular thing while “these or those” are used for plural things.

Example :

1.      This is black.

2.      That is heavy.

3.      Can you see these?

 

Name : Faisal Ridwan

Class : 4kb07

NPM : 22110528